Code by Zapier before 2022-08-17 allowed intra-account privilege escalation that included execution of Python or JavaScript code. In other words, Code by Zapier was providing a customer-controlled general-purpose virtual machine that unintentionally granted full access to all users of a company\'s account, but was supposed to enforce role-based access control within that company\'s account. Before 2022-08-17, a customer could have resolved this by (in effect) using a separate virtual machine for an application that held credentials - or other secrets - that weren\'t supposed to be shared among all of its employees. (Multiple accounts would have been needed to operate these independent virtual machines.)