FAA Promises Privacy Standards For Domestic Drones

As law enforcement and civilian use of unmanned aerial drones increases, surveillance fears mount.

Military Drones Present And Future: Visual Tour (click image for larger view and for slideshow)
The Federal Aviation Administration Thursday announced that it will publicly develop privacy policies to cover the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), more often referred to as drones, in U.S. airspace.
The FAA recognizes that increasing the use of [drones] raises privacy concerns, according a
letter
the agency sent this week to Marc Rotenberg, president of civil rights group Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC). The agency intends to address these issues through engagement and collaboration with the public.
Privacy concerns surrounding the use of drones in American airspace have been intensifying since President Obama signed the
FAA Modernization and Reform Act
(FMRA) into law in February 2012. The law includes the requirement that the FAA work toward integrating unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the national airspace system (NAS), and commence a test program at six different test ranges.
[ How will Obamas cybersecurity directive affect you? See
White House Cybersecurity Executive Order: What It Means
. ]
After FMRA was signed into law, numerous consumer, technology and civil rights groups -- including the American Civil Liberties Union, Center for Democracy and Technology, Electronic Frontier Foundation, and EPIC -- wrote to the FAA administrator, demanding that the agency develop privacy standards to cover the use of drones in U.S. airspace. Drones greatly increase the capacity for domestic surveillance, they wrote, noting that the devices could carry not just high-resolution video cameras, but also infrared cameras, heat sensors and
automated license plate scanners
, and be programmed to track dozens of targets.
Drones present a unique threat to privacy, they wrote. Drones are designed to undertake constant, persistent surveillance to a degree that former methods of aerial surveillance were unable to achieve.
One year later, the FAA has responded, noting that as its test program moves forward, it will solicit comments on the privacy language to be included in its forthcoming UAV directive, which will govern the activities of all test site operators, and become the blueprint for general drone use across the country.
Test site operators will be required to establish a privacy policy that is public, and builds confidence and trust, according to
an FAA notice
released Thursday, Furthermore, the FAA expects that the information gathered about UAS operations at the test sites will contribute to the dialogue among privacy advocates, policymakers and the industry about how to address broader questions relative to the technologies used.
Aviation experts expect to see continuing drone uptake -- by hobbyists, businesses, law enforcement agencies and more -- in the future, and some have estimated that
30,000 new drones
could be launched in the next decade. Already, low-end devices can be had
for $300
, programmed with GPS coordinates and left to fly themselves.
Civilian drone makers are touting their vehicles as a platform for
handling dull, dirty and dangerous jobs
. In a world of Google maps, the advantage of aerial views of the world are clear, but satellites and manned aircraft are expensive and the pictures they take are often too far away or too infrequent to be useful, wrote former
Wired
editor-in-chief Chris Anderson, whos CEO of 3D Robotics and the founder of DIY Drones, last month in
Time
magazine. Drones can get better views, more often. And those shots can be of exactly what you want to see -- an anytime, anywhere eye in the sky, controlled by you, not The Man.
The military continues to invest heavily in
new drone technology
. NASA, meanwhile, predicts that UAVs may one day account for a
sizeable number of the commercial aircraft
operating in U.S. airspace.
But security and privacy concerns have long accompanied the use of drones. Last year, for example, security researchers demonstrated that with about $1,000 worth of equipment, they could
spoof the GPS signals used by civilian drones
and redirect a drone one kilometer (0.6 miles) away. The researchers said theyre working this year toward intercepting a drone from 10 kilometers (6 miles) away.
UAVs developed for military use, which may also be sold to police forces, arent exempt from such concerns. Notably, Iran in 2011 claimed to have
captured a U.S. military drone
by jamming its remote-control communications channel. Since then, Iran said its been
reverse-engineering the captured RQ-170 Sentinel
and developing its own drone fleet.
Drone transmissions can also be intercepted. In 2008, for example, U.S. military personnel in Iraq ... apprehended a Shiite militant whose laptop contained files of intercepted drone video feeds,
reported
The Wall Street Journal
. The insurgents reportedly used a $26 piece of software to hijack the drone camera feeds.
Despite that known vulnerability, by October 2012 only 30% to 50% of all military UAVs -- including widely used Reaper and Predator drones -- were
broadcasting encrypted footage
, Wired
reported
.

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FAA Promises Privacy Standards For Domestic Drones